Political & Legal Reform
- 1. Enact a new Political Party Act or amend the 2073 Act.
- 2. Limit political parties’ campaign spending and enforce financial transparency.
- 3. Ensure candidates use only registered, transparent funding sources.
- 4. Enhance audit mechanisms under the Election Commission.
- 5. Subject party accounts to the Auditor General’s review.
- 6. Establish mandatory quarterly income and expense reports for parties.
- 7. Promote internal democracy and candidate selection transparency.
- 8. Strengthen oversight of campaign finance.
- 9. Decriminalize defamation related to economic speech to encourage open dialogue.
- 10. Protect economic policy from political instability.
Federalism & Governance
- 11. Improve inter-governmental coordination (federal, provincial, local).
- 12. Build capacity of local/provincial institutions.
- 13. Clarify roles and responsibilities among three tiers of government.
- 14. Simplify fiscal transfer mechanisms to sub-national units.
- 15. Introduce performance-based grants for local bodies.
- 16. Promote shared infrastructure planning across tiers.
- 17. Decentralize project approval while maintaining quality standards.
- 18. Introduce legal ceilings on number of agencies at local level.
- 19. Create a federal governance reform task force.
- 20. Publish an annual “Governance Performance Index.”
Revenue & Tax Reform
- 21. Simplify Income Tax, VAT, and Customs Acts.
- 22. Improve coordination between Inland Revenue and Customs departments.
- 23. Use AI to detect tax evasion and misreporting.
- 24. Avoid redundant audits and reduce harassment by tax authorities.
- 25. Digitize all tax filing, refund, and inspection processes.
- 26. Amend laws to allow full tax deductibility of R&D expenses.
- 27. Eliminate tax on retained earnings.
- 28. Use data analytics to expand tax base.
- 29. Introduce a risk-based tax audit system.
- 30. Establish a central taxpayer grievance mechanism.
Energy & Infrastructure
- 31. Prioritize completion of large hydropower projects.
- 32. Address land acquisition issues in energy transmission.
- 33. Promote pumped storage hydropower technology.
- 34. Allow foreign investment in green infrastructure bonds.
- 35. Create time-of-use electricity tariffs (peak vs. off-peak).
- 36. Improve voltage stability to reduce appliance damage.
- 37. Expand rural electrification via decentralized solar grids.
- 38. Promote e-cooking and EVs to create electricity demand.
- 39. Reduce line losses through grid modernization.
- 40. Set a 10-year master plan for infrastructure development.
- 41. Encourage PPPs in urban infrastructure.
- 42. Provide viability gap funding for non-profitable but essential infrastructure.
- 43. Mandate periodic maintenance budgets in all infrastructure projects.
- 44. Use domestic capital and NRN remittances for infrastructure investment.
- 45. Complete delayed airports before approving new ones.
- 46. Halt new large road projects until current ones are finished.
- 47. Review feasibility of Budhigandaki and other mega-projects.
- 48. Promote railway and dry port development.
- 49. Integrate climate adaptation into infrastructure design.
- 50. Simplify acquisition and compensation for infrastructure land.
Agriculture & Rural Economy
- 51. Promote contract and collective farming models.
- 52. Encourage private agribusinesses through subsidies.
- 53. Expand irrigation to reduce rainfall dependency.
- 54. Develop agriculture commodity boards.
- 55. Streamline fertilizer supply chains.
- 56. Digitize land records and market information systems.
- 57. Launch a Farmer Welfare Fund.
- 58. Increase crop insurance penetration.
- 59. Encourage agro-processing and cold storage.
- 60. Integrate rural road and agro-logistics planning.
- 61. Provide concessional loans to commercial farmers.
- 62. Link farmers to export markets.
- 63. Increase extension services through public-private partnerships.
- 64. Promote women and youth in farming.
- 65. Modernize animal husbandry and veterinary services.
- 66. Support organic and climate-resilient agriculture.
- 67. Align agri-policy with land-use master plans.
- 68. Use satellite and AI for crop monitoring.
- 69. Implement zoning for specific agricultural regions.
- 70. Encourage e-marketing of agricultural products.
Industrial Policy & Trade
- 71. Identify 20 high-potential export items and support them.
- 72. Lower land and energy costs for industrial zones.
- 73. Create fast-track approval system for factories.
- 74. Allow FDI in residential real estate (over $200K).
- 75. Promote industrial clusters in provinces.
- 76. Establish Export Promotion Zones (EPZs).
- 77. Provide incentives for import substitution.
- 78. Simplify export documentation.
- 79. Create a National Industrial Promotion Board.
- 80. Provide fixed interest rate loans for 10 years to industries.
- 81. Promote digital manufacturing.
- 82. Encourage tech transfer partnerships.
- 83. Link industries with technical universities.
- 84. Mandate industrial waste recycling practices.
- 85. Provide tax holiday for 5 years for startups.
- 86. Build logistics hubs in border towns.
- 87. Promote 'Made in Nepal' certification.
- 88. Reduce customs clearance time to 24 hours.
- 89. Train customs officers in valuation and fraud detection.
- 90. Provide land pooling models for industrial development.
Financial Sector Reform
- 91. Implement credit scoring systems.
- 92. Allow peer-to-peer lending under SEBON.
- 93. Legalize crowdfunding and angel investment.
- 94. Encourage development of bond and derivative markets.
- 95. Reduce interest spread to below 4%.
- 96. Implement stress-testing for banks and cooperatives.
- 97. Regulate cooperatives to limit risky behavior.
- 98. Fix deposit interest rates to reduce volatility.
- 99. Create a financial ombudsman.
- 100. Improve digital banking and cybersecurity.
- 101. Enable e-KYC and biometric authentication.
- 102. Encourage capital adequacy improvement.
- 103. Phase out share pledges for margin loans.
- 104. Modernize the Nepal Stock Exchange.
- 105. Allow Non-Resident Nepalis (NRNs) to trade freely.
- 106. Introduce insurance-backed savings products.
- 107. Enable central bank-backed liquidity facility for co-ops.
- 108. Strengthen SEBON with autonomy and resources.
- 109. Promote green and sustainability bonds.
- 110. Integrate financial literacy into school curricula.
Digital Economy & Innovation
- 111. Government to prioritize domestic software procurement.
- 112. Allocate 10% of capital budget for tech R&D.
- 113. Promote AI, blockchain, and robotics startups.
- 114. Establish national innovation hubs in each province.
- 115. Introduce Startup Nepal Fund.
- 116. Streamline IT export approvals.
- 117. Enable e-invoicing across businesses.
- 118. Promote digital signature use nationwide.
- 119. Encourage cyber insurance products.
- 120. Invest in rural broadband internet.
- 121. Launch a National Data Infrastructure Policy.
- 122. Reduce customs on IT hardware imports.
- 123. Provide ICT curriculum from grade 6 onward.
- 124. Train teachers in digital tools.
- 125. Introduce online licensing and renewal portals.
- 126. Simplify VAT refund for digital exporters.
- 127. Encourage “Digital Agriculture” platforms.
- 128. Fund university-based incubators.
- 129. Establish tech parks with long-term lease options.
- 130. Promote open-source adoption in public institutions.
Human Capital, Labour & Social Protection
- 131. Raise retirement age to 60.
- 132. Streamline all social security payments with national ID.
- 133. Reorganize vocational training to match labor market needs.
- 134. Introduce “One Family, One Job” rural pilot program.
- 135. Expand apprenticeships in industry and agriculture.
- 136. Ensure health insurance coverage for all by 2085.
- 137. Review and index social security payments bi-annually.
- 138. Launch Youth Entrepreneurship Guarantee Scheme.
- 139. Reform school curriculum to include financial literacy.
- 140. Encourage returnee migrants to start SMEs.
- 141. Integrate soft skills in university curriculum.
- 142. Track labor market demand trends annually.
- 143. Provide startup training for rural women.
- 144. Digitize pension systems and portability.
- 145. Introduce job-matching platforms with verified employers.
- 146. Prioritize skill recognition for returnee migrants.
- 147. Allow part-time contracts in formal sectors.
- 148. Extend maternity and paternity leave coverage.
- 149. Encourage diaspora to support education endowments.
- 150. Launch National Human Capital Strategy 2082–2092.
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